Sunday, January 26, 2020

Why Is Wellbeing Education Important?

Why Is Wellbeing Education Important? This is what some people claim Mankind has lived for thousands of years. As generations grow, we are becoming more and more aware of the harmful effects illness and stress impact on our bodies. Our awareness of the need to take the necessary steps to achieving a healthier lifestyle and prolong our life span is also growing. The number of diseases rising around the world makes it vital that people apprehend the importance of leading and living a healthy life. They believe health is accomplished by eating healthy food and exercising, but this is only one part of the healthy living process. There is more to being healthy and achieving an overall wellness and wellbeing than just eating well and exercising. Different elements assemble the human beings overall health, these elements are referred to as the six dimensions of health physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental. This report will discuss and define each of the six dimensions to provide adults with an understanding of the dimens ions in hope of protecting our children from illnesses and diseases, and providing them with a more stable and a better future. Background Why is this report needed? Explain the six dimensions of health (Donatelle, 2006) and use this to explain to the reader why wellness and wellbeing are important in early childhood education and care. The early childhood years sets the foundation to how children view themselves, each other, and the world around them. Their character which will develop further as they grow older begins in those early years. For this reason it is vital for Early Childhood Professions to understand the six dimensions of health in order to support childrens development in achieving wellness and wellbeing. Bronfenbrenner believed children are influenced by the ecological system, (the system of relationships that form his or her Environment) particularly the microsystem (the immediate environment, e.g. family or school) Bronfenbrenner, 1998. He mentioned that positive emotional interactions and experiences between caregivers and children are crucial for the development of social and emotional wellbeing in children. Donatelle, 2006 said The motivation to improve quality of life within the framework of ones own unique capabilities is crucial to achieving health and wellness. As childrens services or early childhood settings fit into the microsystem stage of the child, it becomes imperative for us to set the building blocks for children to achieve the optimum wellness and wellbeing. Our interaction and experiences play a key role in their development, but what is wellness and wellbeing?. Donatelle, 2006 identified wellness and wellbeing as follow; Physical heath : the way we function using our bodies, how sharp our sensors are, how fit we are, the ability to catch diseases and disorders and the ability to recuperate from illness and regain health, Intellectual health: Mentally healthy , the capacity to think with clear judgment, the ability to learn, the ability to grow from experience and the ability to make critical decisions. Social heath: the ability to socialise and interact well with others, the ability to adjust to situations at different levels Emotional health: the ability to recognize and express feelings appropriately, the ability to control and balance these feelings with yourself and others. The ability to feel good about yourself, love and trust. Environmental health: the ability to appreciate the world around you and to recognise the role you play in effecting the environment. They believe Spiritual health: the ability to have faith, hope, and belief. The ability to connect with the world around you as one, to love and respect nature and to feel the love and pain of the world. Discussion Discuss each dimension of health and explain what is happening or not happening to support childrens wellness and wellbeing in your service. Wellness is a state of optimal health that is working towards or trying to maximize the individuals potential to achieve a vibrant state of wellbeing and enjoyment of life. This is a lifetime process of working towards enhancing your physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental wellbeing. When we think of Wellness and Wellbeing, it is good to remember that all aspects of the six dimensions impact each other. Although every dimension is important in its self, it is the balance that gives each individual the optimum wellness and wellbeing. For example if a person focus on his/her physical health and neglects the emotional health, the physical health would deteriorate soon after. Keeping an overall balance and a holistic approach would give us a higher chance in achieving wellness and wellbeing. Factors that affect our Wellness and wellbeing. The individuals attitude and behaviors. Heredity and family history. The influence of the people around you, positive and negative. Health care availability. Lets have a closer look at each dimensions and how does the centre cater for the dimension. Physical health; Physical health is most visible to us and the easiest to keep an eye on. It would probably be the one dimension we pay more attention on, than any other dimension. If we eat well balanced nutritious food and exercise regularly, minimise the consumption of harmful foods such as alcohol and cigarettes, the chances of us catching diseases are reduced but not eliminated. How can it be achieved? Exercise least 30 minutes a day. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, Replace bad fats with healthy fats, such as those found in olive oil Visit your dentist regularly Seek medical attention when required Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Centres approach to physical health; The centre aims to: Facilitate physical development by providing activities which foster fine and gross motor skills. Provide children with 50% of their recommended dietary intake Provide a healthy eating environment Provide children with healthy food habits Provide water throughout the day Provided children with a balance of active and quiet activities The centre focuses on providing children with a balanced nutritious food but fails to promote and link the importance of staying active to the physical health. Very little discussion is provided about health and fitness. Intellectual health; Intellectual health is our ability to perceive and process information accurately and the ability learn and Interact with the world around us. To achieve an intellectually healthy life, we must have the wish to learn and to have an interest in what is going on around us. Intellectual health also involves problem solving and creativity. How can it be achieved? Keep your mind active with learning Participate in creative and problem solving activities. Read the news each day. Paint and draw. Build something with your hands. Work out a crossword puzzle each day, it can help keep our brains on alert. Centres approach to intellectual health; The centre aims to: Facilitate intellectual development by providing activities and experiences which allow children to experiment, think and question the world around them and develop their problem solving skills. Encourage children to develop a positive attitude towards learning, responsibility, self-discipline and self-esteem. Design activities which allow children to develop their capabilities and interests at their own pace and according to their individual need. Social health; . Socially healthy people engage, interact, and co-operate well with each other. That includes friends, family, co-workers and other groups. Being comfortable with oneself as well as others at different levels and maintaining relationships. How can it be achieved? Learn ways to relate with others. Practice communication skills. Try to be the kind to your friends or partner. Be considerate and mindful of others. Centres approach to Social health; The centre aims to: Facilitate personal and social development by group experiences with peers, friendly interactions with adults and activities which promote their sense of independence. Develop programs which enhance childrens social and emotional skills Emotional health; The ability to understanding our feelings and emotions and finding vigorous ways of expressing them .Emotional wellness is one of the most important aspects of the six dimensions. It should be one of our main focus points of life in order to accomplish wellbeing. In order to be healthy or have good physical health you must have a good foundation of emotional wellness. You can notice this in your everyday life, by just noticing how having a good day or a bad day effects you physically. How can it be achieved? Learn to recognize your limitations. Practice different ideas to create healthy relationships with others. Maintain a sense of point of view. Learn to deal with emotions such as sadness, anger, or frustration. Centres approach to emotional health; The centre aims to: To help children recognise their feelings and emotions. Encourage children to express feelings and emotions appropriately. I dont believe the centre is doing enough to cater for the emotional wellbeing in children. I think a lot more can be done to facilitate positive emotional development. (Refer to recommendation). Environmental health; Environmental health is to appreciate and respect the natural environment around you and do whatever you can to protect it. How can it be achieved? Better understanding of the environment finding ways to minimise the waste going to the landfills such as donating clothes and donate computers and mobile phones to organisation. Recycling Centres approach to environmental health; The centre aims to: Promote the understanding and importance of recycling and energy saving. Reuse material for childrens activities. Promote environmental education in childrens everyday learning experiences Role model the positive environmental approaches in daily routines such as reducing energy output and the use of water. Spiritual health; The ability to know that life is meaningful and has a purpose. Our morals, values and ethical believes guide us to making decisions and the direction to life. How can it be achieved? Take some time to discover your morals and believes. Try to stick to your believes during difficult times. Believe in yourself Centres approach to spiritual health; The centre aims to: Families are encouraged to share their culture, language and home experiences. Promote each childs culture and language, and facilitate experiences whenever possible Provide an environment that is anti bias and caters for the childs cultural, family and linguistic diversity. Promote equality by maximising the educational outcomes for all children, regardless of their gender, cultural backgrounds or socio-economics. . International Business Case Study: Skoda Company International Business Case Study: Skoda Company INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CASE STUDY IN SKODA COMPANY What was the key weakness that Skoda was able to identify? Answer: Skoda able to identify Brand Position was one of the weakness for Skoda in the highly competitive fragmented market by positioning the brand as low budget or low quality vehicles which caused Skoda to get 1.7% of the market share, because the company used to manufacture cars of poor image of quality, design, assembly, and materials, which leaded customers to perceive the brand image as poor image for majority consumers compare to other competitors like Ford, Peugeot, and Renault. By looking business model, example General Electric business model that say business organisation can determine its self by looking factors like Business Strengths (strong or average or weak) in the market and industry attractiveness (high or medium or low) at that market. According to that model that means the Skoda had probably weak business strength and its industry attractiveness was probably strong in the market. The analysis gave clear direction to Skoda that there is need to Partnership with Volkswagen by raising strategic alliance between themselves which leaded the Skoda to change the negative image in the market. Also Skoda management did understood that they need to correct old perceptions by stop being defensive in promotional campaigns and change market message as Skoda owners need to be happy and contented with their cars, Also convincing users that Skoda cars were great to own and drive. What strength did Skoda use to turn its brand weakness into on opportunity? Answer: Skoda researched through asking customers directly and using independent surveyors like JD power survey by testing customers feelings through questionnaires .Skoda able to position its brand where there was a gap in the market place against their competitors because competitors they where focusing in product it self. Skoda partnership with Volkswagen AG helped the Skoda to gain internal strength due to combinations of skills and knowledge in both companies, also the Volkswagen has got good reputation on its business, Page 133 on the case study. Satisfaction of its customer by business concentrating on owner experience, future strategic development and marketing its brand image through designing to sales, satisfaction of their customer came after producing brand image which has got quality and happy to driver to own that brand, example of Top gears 2007 customer satisfaction survey in 152 models viewers voted number one car maker and 2008 Octavia model won auto express driver power best car, Skoda knows 98% of its drivers would recommend Skoda to a friend, page 133 134, on the case study. That shows the out come evidence of Skoda over come the weakness and built the strength which leaded to opportunities. Advantage through technology also was best strength for Skoda by using focusing strategy, as Michael Porter model of Competitive Advantage (cost leadership, focused low cost, differentiation, focused differentiation) Skoda adopted the strategy of focused differentiation in niche market, organisation can adopt a strategy to compete against other competitors, technology made Skoda to over come weakness and gain strength to opportunity by differentiate in unique selling proposition through human touch designed of its brand car engines and focused on customer experience. How has Skoda strategically addressed external threats? Answer: After careful analysis Skoda able to addressed external threats. One, Skoda UK was able to ensure that its messages were powerful enough for customers to hear within such a crowded and competitive environment my using slogan of the manufacturer of happy drivers so they can able to maintain the market share. Skoda able to produced strong range of product in the UK and globally such as; Skoda fabia sold as basic but quality car, Skoda superb as more luxurious and up market appeal, the Skoda Octavia as estate provides a family with a fun drive but also a great big boot, all these brand were UK market segments. Page 135 on the case study. Pricing, Skoda priced all brands according to model range that means Skoda looking to satisfy their customers according to different groups within the main stream of the car market, Also combination of competitive pricing and brand range gave advantage to overcome the threats of other competitors. EU Legal and Environmental regulations made Skoda able to addressed the threats by using the advantage of technology to produce products which are environmental friendly at every stage of their life cycle. By producing Skoda products which they can recycle as much as possible and through identification of their parts which are marked quick and easy when the car taken apart, Using latest most environmentally friendly manufacturing technologies and facilities available, example use of lead free and water based colours to paint areas to protect against corrosion, By designing processes that will cut fuel consumption and emissions in petrol and diesel engines. Using lighter parts to make vehicles as aerodynamic as possible to use less energy. By designing cars with lower noise levels and improved sound quality, Pg 135 on the case study. What in your view are the important benefits of using a SWOT analysis? Answer: SWOT identify Superiority of organisation in the market place, swot helps organisation to know how best it is in the market place by looking example the brand image of the company in the market against other competitors brands. Also SWOT help to determine Staff expertise, loyalty and commitment in the organisation. Example pg133 first paragraph, Skoda management they were looking a foreign partner so company management can gain expertise in Cars manufacture. SWOT help to build good reputation for service or quality, as in case study Skoda build strength by design cars with their own experience and brand image, pg 134. SWOT also helps to guide organisation in future strategic development which will bring advantage to organisation. Technology adoption, helps organisation to change it operation by gaining advantage through technology which can reduce costs or improve production. Helps to give gap idea within market when organisation wants to position a product or services in the new market. Helps to understand customer needs by looking their perception on companys product and if product or services the company supplies to them are well get satisfied. Example on the case study of JD Power survey and Top Gear explained how management of Skoda identified their strength of customer satisfaction to the market place, Pg 133. Helps to understand competitive activity, by looking other competitors in the business environment. Helps organisation able to respond for changes in government regulations or legislation, example in the case study Skoda able to respond to EU legal and environmental regulations by producing products that are environmentally friendly at every stage of their life. Also help to determine supply demand, example shortage of raw materials.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Andy Warhol- Pop Culture

Pop Culture Spring 2010 Prof. Howell Andy Warhol â€Å"Pop Art is an art movement in the U. S. in the 1950’s and reached its peak of activity in the 1960’s, chose as its subject matter the anonymous, everyday, standardized, and banal iconography in American life, as comic strips, billboards, commercial products, and celebrity images and dealt with them typically in such form as outsize commercially smooth paintings, mechanically reproduced silk-screens, large-scale facsimiles, and soft sculptures†(Dictionary). While looking up the definition of Pop Art, Dictionary. om tells you â€Å"see also Andy Warhol. † Andy Warhol defined Pop Art. Warhol was a twentieth- century American artist who took simple consumer objects and took them to the level of art. Warhol is best known for his â€Å"precise, enlarged image of Campbell’s tomato soup†(Dictionary). In the book called Andy Warhol: prince of pop written by Jan Greenberg and Sandra Jordan, they st ated, â€Å"The work created by Andy Warhol elevated everyday images to art, ensuring Warhol a fame that has far outlasted the 15 minutes he predicted for everyone else. He not only produced iconic art that blended high and popular culture; he also made controversial films, starring his entourage of the beautiful and outrageous; he launched Interview, a slick magazine that continues to sell today; and he reveled in leading the vanguard of New York’s hipster lifestyle. Warhol’s rise, from poverty to wealth, from obscurity to status as a Pop icon, is an absorbing tale-one in which the American dream of fame and fortune is played out in all of its success and its excess. No artist of the late 20th century took the pulse of his time- and ours-better than Andy Warhol. † Pop Art influenced popular culture and mass media during the twentieth-century and well into the beginning of the twenty-first-century and no other artists has defined it as well as Warhol. Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1928. â€Å"He was a physically and p psychologically fragile from boyhood and insecure about his freakish appearance and his homosexuality. He was emotionally hapless and sexually timid, terrified of Practically everything†( Puente). In 1945, Warhol went to Carnegie Institute of Technology where he majored in pictorial design. After college, he moved to New York City and landed a job as a commercial artist, where he worked as an illustrator for several magazines, such as Bazaar, Vogue, and the New Yorker. He also did window displays for retail stores. Throughout the 1950’s Warhol won several commendations from the Art Directors club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts and in 1952, he had his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, showing drawings based on the writings of Truman Capote (Andy). Warhol couldn’t figure out how to break through, so he â€Å"pestered his friends and art-world contacts for ideas. For fifty dollars a gallery owner suggested the can’s of Campbell’s soup†(Puente), which is now one of his signature styles. In the 1960’s Warhol created several paintings that remain icons of the twentieth century, such has Campbell’s Soup Cans, Disasters, and Marilyn’s. Warhol also made several 16mm films, which are underground classics. In 1968, Valerie Solanis, walked into Warhol’s studio and shot him, the attack was almost fatal. Warhol focused on his paintings during the 1970’s. The artist began the 1980’s with the publication of POPism: The Warhol ‘60s and with exhibitions of portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century and the Retrospectives and Reversal series†(Andy). After routine gall bladder surgery, Warhol died on February 22nd, 1987. Warhol is one of the most influential artist s of the twentieth century. David Horowitz states in his book, The Peoples Voice: a populist Cultural History of Modern America, that â€Å"Just as some elements of the counterculture expressed hostility to the market, pop art practitioners sought to incorporate the materials of ordinary life into painting and printmaking†(Horowitz). Realism and naturalism were new movements in America during the twentieth century, but modernism and its boost of art to a new level of self-reliance created a new art that summarized the mindset of people and not the physical description of them. Americans moved from rural areas to urban areas that embodied their social position and this was shown in modernist’s artwork. Warhol took modernism and its assumptions and altered them to his perspective. Warhol made people think what exactly is art? what is an artist? And he changed how art should be displayed. Warhol challenged the modernist perspective and became one of the most recognized artists from the century because of it. Horowitz also explained, â€Å"using commonly available media like vinyl, Plexiglas, and neon, Warhol elevated consumer objects to the level of art. The legendary figure built a cottage industry around widely disseminated silkscreen replicas of soup and soda cans and images of Marilyn Monroe, winning praise as an egalitarian commemorator of everyday life and a rebel against the elitist art establishment. † Andy Warhol has been dead for twenty-three years but his artwork is still popular everywhere. In Maria Puente’s article, â€Å"Andy Warhol is popping up all over the place† she talks about how Warhol’s pop art collections as productive as ever; â€Å"His face stares at shoppers from Gap store windows. His artwork speeds down slopes on snowboards and embellishes Levi’s jeans, Royal Elastics shoes and Diane von Furstenberg’s upcoming swimsuits. Pop culture fans sport Warhol jewelry and watches. Spritz Warhol perfumes on pulse points and hang Warhol handbags from their shoulders. Enthusiasts can even furnish their homes with Warhol- from rugs to dinner plates to bed linens. † I think that Andy Warhol changed how art was viewed in the twentieth century and his artwork has been so popular it is still an ideal most people recognize. In the twentieth century people went saw his artwork in museums and in magazines, now his artwork is on clothing items, posters, dinner plates, cards, pins, and everything you can think of. I mean on of his original self-portraits was for sale in November for over one million dollars. If one of his many self-portraits can sell for over one million dollars means his artwork had a huge impact on the culture. Andy Warhol was a leading figure in the Pop Art movement. â€Å"Campbell’s Soup Can, a later, enlarged, and isolated version of the tomato soup can, conveys the erroneous impression that Warhol was out solely to apotheosize the idiom of popular culture† (Honnef). America’s social effects were equally important to Warhol. â€Å"What made American fabulous, he once explained, was that it established a tradition in which the richest consumers basically bought the same products as the poorest. You could watch television and drink a Coca Cola and you knew the president drank Coke, Liz Taylor drank Coke, and there you were drinking Coke. A Coke was a Coke, concluded Warhol, and no amount of money could buy you a better one†(Honnef). That insight explains why Warhol set out to achieve something similar in his work of art. He used standardized production to infuse art with the â€Å"magic of the perpetually same†(Honnef). Andy Warhol enriched the world by providing us with and idol from the world of art. Warhol was an artist of his time. He was a pop artist who saw contemporary art and the art world move to a new era. Warhol was â€Å"in fact a producer of a software for a form of art which paralleled the social system†( Honnef). Warhol reacted to the challenges of his time and gave a new dimension to the world of art. His art had its subversive features, for it uncovered the hidden mechanisms of the modern industrial, the society, and it exposed connections that were normally only visible through depth. Works Cited â€Å"Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts†. March 2009. Web. 3 March 2010. . â€Å"Dictionary. com. † January 2010. Web. 24 March 2010. . Greenberg, Jan and Jordan, Sandra. Andy Warhol: Prince of Pop. New York: Delacorte Press, 2004 Honnef, Klaus. WARHOL. Taschen: 2007. Horowitz, David. The Peoples Voice: A Populist Cultural History of Modern America. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing, 2008. Puente, Maria. â€Å"Andy Warhol’s genius, eccentricities just ‘Po p’. † USA Today. 11 December 2009. Final ed. Puente, Maria. â€Å"Andy Warhol is popping up all over the place. † USA Today. 1 April 2008. Final ed.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins the theme that there is most focuses on is the experience getting out of reading a poem. When reading a poem readers tend to just read the poem and then come to a direct conclusion and assume that they understand the meaning, and not looking at it in a different way. This is not what Billy Collins wants â€Å"them† referring to his students to do. In the first stanzas it shows how â€Å"I† who is referred to himself wants â€Å"them† to experience the poem.The tone the author has changes throughout the poem. By looking at the first two words in the beginning of the first three stanzas, there is a clear change in tone. The change in tone shows that his temper is rising as the poem progresses. He starts off by â€Å"I ask them† which is polite, then in the next stanzas â€Å"I say† which is more direct and in the third stanzas â€Å"I want them t o† which indicates that his mood and tone has changed. The way Billy Collins chooses to describe the experience with particular images.In the first stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a color slide† that creates a strong imagery that readers have to squint their eyes to look at the slide clearly. In the second stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a hive†, it might be difficult to fully understand a poem, but one can succeed even though it seems difficult. In the third and fourth stanza, Billy Collins compares â€Å"poem† to â€Å"a maze† and â€Å"a room in a house†, that indicates that the reader must feel lost and frustration. Yet, the last two stanzas show a harsh and different contrast to the previous stanzas.The tone and imagery has a negative kind of manner towards poetry, as he describes the way his students read and rush to a conclusion. The author describes â€Å"poem† as â€Å"a prisoner†, being tied to a chair and tortured with a hose. It adds a mocking, yet humorous tone to the whole poem, mocking at the incorrect attitudes of students towards poetry, hoping to alert the readers at the same time. The poet’s choice of words gives dramatic imagery for the readers, In hope of changing the reading and interpretations of the poem. Reading Poetry† and â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† are bough similar in the way that they are describing poetry and the way they relate to how people do and should interpret poetry. â€Å"Reading Poetry† has more focus on how people see poetry for and against point of view. It tells the reader a lot about the history of poetry and the way poets write poems. The structure in â€Å"Reading Poetry† is very organized in the sense that the author starts off by writing about the ancient Greeks and Romans and works its way all the way down to how different people interpret a poem.The two texts are very different when it come s to the contexts and lay out, but the author’s bought state the same opinion. They way to understand a poem is what they discuss the most, it is also a very important key element when reading a poem. Poets use their poems to express emotions and experiences; they then pass them on to the reader to give the reader a feeling of the author way of seeing things. Text 2 â€Å"Reading Poetry† goes into detail with trying to define poetry. This is a question that cannot be answered but is a personal opinion, just like art. Poems are a work of art, some like it others don’t. It’s a matter of taste.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Research Report on Impact of Time Management - 11320 Words

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study The public image of the police is measured a number of different ways. Sometimes surveys ask about â€Å"local† police, police in â€Å"your neighborhood† or police in â€Å"your area,† while other surveys ask about the police as a general institution. The terminology used to gauge public support also varies widely, with questions asking about whether respondents â€Å"approve of† or â€Å"trust† the police, have â€Å"confidence in† or â€Å"respect for† the police, or whether they â€Å"support† or have â€Å"favorable† views of the police. What makes these terms â€Å"general† is that the criteria or standards of performance remain unspecified. They do not ask the public to focus on either police processes or outcomes. The person†¦show more content†¦1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study This study was guided by the following objectives: 1. To examine the public perceptions of the outcomes of policing on the performance of police officers in Mbale District 2. To examine the generic dimensions of the quality of service on the performance of police officers in Mbale District. 3. To assess the relationship between police processes and the general image of the police officers in the public in Mbale district 1.3.3 Research questions This study was guided by the following research questions: 1. What are the public perceptions of the outcomes of policing on the performance of police officers in Mbale District? 2. What are the generic dimensions of the quality of service on the performance of police officers in Mbale District? 3. What is the relationship between police officers in the public processes and the general image of the police in Mbale District? 1.4 Purpose of the study The main purpose of the study was to assess the factors affecting the performance of police officers in Mbale District taking a case study of Mbale Central Police. 1.5 Scope of the study This study examined the factors affecting the performance of police officers. It focused on Mbale District taking a case study of Mbale Central Police Station. The study assessed the factors affecting the performance of police officers in Mbale District. It covered the period ofShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal On Sales Management1289 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Proposal Research Problem Online sales have been having a profound and direct influence on the availability of products and have a direct impact on the amount and value of sales that companies have been amassing (Barone et al., 2010). 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