Husserl Phenomenology

Husserl Phenomenology Free Online Research Papers Husserl was a German Jewish philosopher. Being Jewish put him at a disadvantage due to the times and the place. After gaining his Ph.D in mathematics at Berlin university, he lectured at the universities of Gà ¶ttingen and Freiburg. The Nazis had him relocated in favor of his previous apprentice, Heidegger. Husserl believed that the political and social crisis followed from an intellectual crisis. Modern science was unsuccessful to provide its promised answers. Husserl wanted to produce a philosophy that would offer a firm establishment of certain understanding upon which all other sciences would rest. His phenomenology was to be a philosophy of drastic rejuvenation through which mankind would learn to see the world anew. All prejudices would be eliminated; all simplistic answers to fundamental questions would be balanced, all taken for granted attitudes abandoned. The result a Europe founded on truth. Only one need absorbs me: I must win clarity else I cannot live; I cannot bear life unless I can believe that I will achieve it. (H. Spielberg The Phenomenological Movement Vol. 1 1865 p. 76 n.1, p. 82.) Husserl dedicated himself to a search for the very foundation of human knowledge. His first passion had been mathematics and he became gripped by a vision of a philosophy that provided the surefire certainty found in mathematics. He wanted to create a philosophy that was a rigorous science. Yet his focus was not on the so-called objective truths of empirical science, but on the subjective process of human thinking; not on so-called facts but on phenomena, things as they appear to the mind. Edmund Husserl saw modern science in crisis. Its claims to objectivity failed to recognize the active role of consciousness in developing human understanding. He developed phenomenology, a methodology designed to examine the contents of ones own consciousness. The examination of pure phenomena is seen as a means to return to the fundaments of knowledge and how the world first appears to the consciousness. The focus is on the subjective process of thinking rather than on what others would consider the objective facts of empirical science. His method of phenomenological reduction requires the suspension of all assumptions about the external causes and results of the contents of consciousness. The aim is to distinguish the essential nature of mental acts and thus the truths that are the sources of human knowledge. Thinking is always intentional, aimed at a specific object. But the difference between thinking and acting is that the intentional object, what the mind is thinking about, need not be present. It may not even exist. The difference between mental acts and other acts is that the objects of mental acts may be intentionally inexistent. This does not, however, mean they have no reality. The act of thinking gives them a meaning and significance; they become objects of our consciousness. It is these objects of consciousness, phenomena, that are the focus of Husserls philosophy. Husserl saw modern science in crisis precisely because its claims to objectivity had failed to recognize the active role of consciousness in developing human understanding. Any theory of knowledge must be based on an understanding of the workings of the human consciousness. The natural sciences give the appearance of rational, objective knowledge. But the natural attitude of the scientific method fails to acknowledge the role of consciousness in constituting meaning. It denies the essential status of objects of consciousness as living intentional experiences. The mind and only the mind is a being in itself and for itself; it is autonomous and capable of being handled in a rational, genuinely and thoroughly scientific way Thus the science of nature presupposes the science of the mind. (Philosophy and the Crisis of European Man) Phenomenology claims to be absolutely original and scientific in a genuine sense. It abandons the tentative notions that science mistakes for reality and the pseudo-scientific pretenses of naturalism. Husserl is not denying a legitimate role for natural science. He is simply arguing that its very legitimacy assumes a phenomenological investigation of the intentional origins of knowledge. A solid foundation for knowledge can only be secured by a meticulous method that returns to the intuitive evidence of the immediate experience of consciousness. Phenomenology is therefore a science of science. Attempts by Franz Brentano to establish psychology as an empirical science inspired an interest in mental phenomena. It was Brentano who first stressed the intentionality of consciousness. Brentano realized that it was impossible to study behavior without recognizing that behavior constitutes acts of consciousness. It involved interaction between the subjective conscious self and the objective outside world. Empirical psychology, he concluded, must first seek to understand the subjective experience by way of intuition. Brentano appears to have had greater influence on the phenomenologists than on the world of experimental psychology. Heidegger was at one time pupil of Husserl, a pupil who succeeded his master as professor at Freiburg University, not so much because of his philosophical genius but because of his political affiliation. Heideggers commitment to National Socialism saw his promotion to rector of the university in 1933. Meanwhile, Husserl was subjected to harassment and his career inhibited because of his Jewish background. The influence of both Husserl and Heidegger on existentialists like Sartre is undeniable. Later phenomenologists failed to follow Husserls thinking in its entirety. They make the more modest claim to explore the many ways in which consciousness itself provides the structure and the feeling of being in the world. Still the existentialists focus on the life-world of the conscious being finds its origins here. Husserl envisioned a process of exploring the intentionality of pure consciousness and hence producing universally valid knowledge free from corruption by individual and communal experiences and understanding. This would involve a number of stages. Bracketing suspension of all empirical and metaphysical presuppositions Reduction allowing a return to a presuppositionless world Free variation imaginary variation of the reduced thing to a common variation or essence (eidos) Intuition an awareness of the essence as it emerges passively from the overlap of the varying acts of intentionality Description of the essential structures of of both the intended thing (noema) and the intending consciousness (noesis). The descriptive phase includes all the stages and renders essential intuitions permanent and hence communicable to others in the universal pursuit of knowledge. Phenomenology is in search of a pure or reduced object or process, its very essence. It seeks to strip individual objects of all that makes them particular, seeking the pure essence what they share with other objects of the same sort. This requires putting to one side all beliefs characteristic of common sense and science, a process called bracketing. Bracketing concentrates our awareness on the ways in which meanings appear to us as pure phenomena regardless of whether they exist as empirical entities outside of our consciousness. The mind is thus freed from the literal reality we normally take for granted and comes to know its own intentionality more intimately and more accurately. From the outset, Husserl argued that the main purpose of phenomenology is a return to the fundaments of knowledge. Its aim is to relocate the primary point of contact between man and the world, to redirect philosophical attention to the primordial ways we perceive the world. Phenomenology works to recover the forgotten origins of scientific knowledge, to retrace a pre-objective intuition of things themselves in their flesh and blood presence in the life-world. It asks us to rediscover the hidden â€Å"intentionalities† of consciousness, to examine their essential structures in a new manner without presuppositions. Phenomenology places much importance on imagination and intuition. After bracketing, there occurs free variation where meaning unfolds in a free play of pure possibilities. In the unregulated horizon of our imagination, we can liberally vary or modify anything until an invariant structure is revealed. This is the essence of the thing intended. It emerges passively from the overlap of the multiple acts of our freely varying intentionality. In a single intuitive act of recognition we are taken back to the interface between consciousness and its intended object. In this way, phenomenology arranges to repeat the pre-reflective acts of our intentional experience in a reflective fashion. Husserls analysis focuses not just on the objects of consciousness but also on the acts of consciousness perception, imagination, signification etc. which intend the object. The method culminates in a description of the essential structures of both the intended thing (noema) and intending consciousness (noesis), as these essences emerge from the free variation of imagination into the grasp of a united intuition. Through the process of phenomenological reduction, Husserl believed that one can also discover ones own transcendental ego. This ego, as pure consciousness, is quite distinct from the psychical self that is of interest to psychology. Husserl believed that his phenomenological method overcame the difficulties that Kant had identified in coming to know either things-in-themselves or the transcendental self. By means of phenomenological reduction, Husserl believed that we could regain access to a presuppositionless world of transcendental immediacy where being becomes identical with its manifestation to consciousness. Being becomes reduced in a non-reductive sense of being retrieved and opened up to the meaning of being . Husserls analysis focuses not just on the objects of consciousness but also on the acts of consciousness perception, imagination, signification etc. which intend the object. The method culminates in a description of the essential structures of both the intended thing (noema) and intending consciousness (noesis), as these essences emerge from the free variation of imagination into the grasp of a united intuition. Through the process of phenomenological reduction, Husserl believed that one can also discover ones own transcendental ego. This ego, as pure consciousness, is quite distinct from the psychical self that is of interest to psychology. Husserl believed that his phenomenological method overcame the difficulties that Kant had identified in coming to know either things-in-themselves or the transcendental self. By means of phenomenological reduction, Husserl believed that we could regain access to a presuppositionless world of transcendental immediacy where being becomes identical with its manifestation to consciousness. Being becomes reduced in a non-reductive sense of being retrieved and opened up to the meaning of being. Husserl was fixed that a new scientific philosophy would not treat consciousness from the natural viewpoint, as object. Truth lies, not in the mind, nor in the natural objects of perception, but in the interaction between the two. As soon as we encounter the world, we, as conscious subjects, start to give it meaning. A solid foundation for knowledge can only be secured by a scrupulous method that returns us to the immediate experience of consciousness. We can only hope to know the things themselves by interrogating the life of the consciousness which intends these things that transcendental self which alone is capable of producing valid universal knowledge. Research Papers on Husserl PhenomenologyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementQuebec and CanadaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Capital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

4 Google Searches to Boost Interview Success

4 Google Searches to Boost Interview Success When a company has contacted you about an interview, you might think your work (getting your resume in order, pulling together your application package) is over. After all, ball’s in their court, right? Not so much. The legwork you do between the initial outreach from the company and the day of your interview can make the difference between getting the job and going through this process again with a different company and job. Preparation is essential ahead of the interview, and thanks to the wonders of Google (or your preferred web search engine), you can set yourself up nicely.Find as much information as you can on the company.Check for news alerts in particular, as these can tell you what the company’s public face is. Are they constantly on the defensive for financial shenanigans? Are they always at the forefront of raising money for your favorite charity? Good or bad, this research can give you a baseline of information about the company in general.The good things (s trong financial success, major philanthropy efforts) can be casually worked into the conversation during your interview to show that you’ve been paying attention to the company’s fortunes. The bad stuff, well, that’s for your own reference. It won’t endear you to that company’s employees if you open with, â€Å"Jeez, you guys had a heck of a bad quarter, huh?†Do a little digging into the company’s key people.This can include the person who will be interviewing you. A quick check of LinkedIn can tell you if you have any shared school or business connections. When you do this bit of research, though, tread carefully. Remember that on networks like LinkedIn, you  can see who’s been looking at your  profile, and how many times. So while natural curiosity can seem proactive, definitely be wary of seeming stalker-y.That same policy applies in the interview itself, too. If you and the interviewer both went to the same school, grea t! You have an in to talk about the football team during the small-talk portion. But if you just recite personal facts you gleaned from social networks, it may make you look aggressive or obsessive.Research your potential job title at the company.Even if you don’t have specific names from the place where you’re interviewing, you can easily search for more generic information. Try typing in â€Å"[company name] + [job title]† to see if there’s any information floating around about the specific job- that might turn up information at sites like Salary.com and similar review websites. This could also help later, if you receive a job offer: it can give you a frame of reference for salary or benefit negotiations.Know the company’s mission.This type of information is often readily available on the company’s own website. Knowing their stated core values puts an answer in your back pocket if the interviewer asks, â€Å"What drew you to this company? † or â€Å"What do you already know about this company?† If you can smoothly say, â€Å"Like Company X, I also fully support providing organic snacks to baby seals,† without missing a beat, it’ll emphasize you can fit well in the company’s culture.The more information you have before you ever set foot in the interview, the better off you’ll be. After all, they’re not just evaluating you and your specific skills, but also you as a potential team member and ambassador for the company.

An environmental accident for which a company was liable. It can also Term Paper

An environmental accident for which a company was liable. It can also be a deliberate environmental incident for which a compan - Term Paper Example Sea water breached the tsunami walls protecting the facility after a tsunami that followed the earthquake. The tsunami wave was 13 meters while the tsunami walls protecting the facility were only 10 meters high. TEPCO had predicted a possibility of a tsunami wave breaching the wall in case of an earthquake of a high magnitude. The paper seeks to establish the liability of the company in regard to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Table of contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 1.1 Fukushima I nuclear power plant†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2. Causes of the Fukushima I nuclear plant disaster†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...5 3. Safety issues r elating to the Fukushima nuclear plant prior to the disaster.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..6 3.1 Changed layout of the emergency cooling system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 3.2 Falsified safety records by TEPCO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦6 3.3 Prior failure of the backup generator †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.4 Ignored tsunami warning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 3.5 Location of the reactor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 4. ... Unit 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 4.4 Issues in Unit 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.10 5 Release of radioactive substances into the environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 6. Liability for the Fukushima nuclear disaster†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 6.1 Assessing TEPCO’S liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...12 Work cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 1. Introduction The Great East Japan Earthquake with magnitude of 9.0 did a substantial damage to Japan and its environs. The gigantic tsunami that followed the quake resulted in more damage. The earthquake was complex and unusual double quake with a severe period of around 3 minutes. As a result of the earthquake Japan shifted a few meters east and the country's coastline sank half a meter. The death toll from the earthquake is recorded at 19,000, and much of the coastal area was destroyed. 1.1 Fukushima I nuclear power plant The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant comprised of six boiling water reactors. These reactors were designed by General Electric. During its activity, the plant produced a total power of 4.7 gigawatts. The plant was among the largest nuclear plants around the world. It was run by TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company). At the time of the earthquake unit 1, 2 and 3 of the plant were operational while unit 4 had been de-fueled and both unit 5 and 6 had been shut down for maintenance. After the earthquake the functioning units in all nuclear plants, including unit 1, 2 and 3 in the Fukushima I plant were shut down following government regulations (Ohnishi, 12). A 13

American Civil War High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Civil War High School - Essay Example Another reason why the south lost is that the troops faced major problems in battle. These problems were as a result of lack of a good communication channel, communication barriers led to a lack of information and in the case where a group attacked it were difficult to get help and enforcement from the other troops. The southern troops also lacked unity and many were not confident in winning the battle and this eventually gave the north an opportunity to win the battle. Therefore the south lost due to lack of unity, lack of communication channels, poor organization and lack of experience in battle. In my own view there is no way that the south would have won with all the disadvantages they had compared to the north, they took these opportunity and won the battle. The north won the battle due to the fact that they had more soldiers compared to the south, also the soldiers were experienced, well trained and well armed then the south, transport and communication networks were better than those of the south region and this made it easier for transportation of arms and reinforcing battle fronts.

The Bridge at Argenteuil Essay Example for Free

The Bridge at Argenteuil Essay The Bridge at Argenteuil by Alfred Sisley is a landscape painted during the French Impressionism period. This painting is located at the Memphis Brooks Museum of Art in the European to 1900 collection. The Memphis Brooks Museum of Art is the oldest fine arts museum in Tennessee and displays art from antiquity to contemporary. I chose this museum because it has art from different time periods. This museum, upon first impression, was well organized, and the different collections were relatively easy to find. I chose The Bridge at Argenteuil because Alfred Sisleys work is rarely studied. Alfred Sisleys The Bridge at Argenteuil is a landscape painting. It is oil on canvas and 15 ? by 24 inches. Painted in 1872, The Bridge at Argenteuil depicts a quiet, country scene. Toward the right of the painting, there are warm-colored houses on top of a small hill, while toward the left of the painting is a river, in which is a small sail boat. The grass in the foreground is reminiscent of wheat fields. There is a path that runs from the foreground of the painting out to the river, ending at a small dock, perhaps for fishing. There is a bridge in the background, seemingly tying the entire painting together. Because there is no action in the painting, this work seems to be a study in quiet and calm country life. Every object in this landscape seems to be connected. For example, the path in the foreground leads to the dock that connects with the river. The bridge in the background stretches from the land where the artist painted from, over the river, and to the shore on the other side of the river toward the left of the frame, connecting the two pieces of land. This painting clarifies that the countryside is peaceful and calm. Many artists choose to paint people, animals, and urban scapes. However, a few, like Alfred Sisley, choose to paint landscapes. Sisley recognized that country landscapes show the softer side of life. Sisley chose to look at the bigger picture instead of focusing on one thing in particular. By having the freedom that comes with not focusing on a particular subject, Sisley captured the essence of the natural world, a world that is peaceful, calm, and ever-changing. I believe this is what he wanted to show the world. The Bridge at Argenteuil is a study in the wonders of nature and how man and nature can exist in harmony. This work does meet the standards of perfection, inexhaustibility, and insight. Every object in the painting works with the others to create a scene that is calm and peaceful. Sisley painted in great detail, showing the perfection that exists in nature. For example, Sisley included different shades of blue in the river; the further I looked into the background at the water, the whiter it seemed to become. The white clouds seem to be moving from right to left, slowly covering a light blue sky. Sisley added these details to capture the ever-changing essence of nature. The work is insightful. This painting made me take a slower, second look at nature and how everything does balance out. For example, in this painting, every aspect of nature the sky, the water, and the land seem to have an equal part of the frame, they seem to be balanced. I could envision a triangle while looking at these aspects, with the sky being the top point, and the land and water being the bottom points. The Bridge at Argenteuil resists monotony because nature is always changing. For instance, the water seems clear, like it would be during the summer, but the grass is becoming brown, indicating that the season is moving toward winter. The sky is becoming overcast; this could be indicative of a colder breeze moving in. Because of these elements, it seems as though the season is in transition. This painting has and has not withstood the test of time. For instance, it has withstood the test of time because it was painted in 1872 and is still on display along with other famous and important works of art. It depicts a nature scene that is always changing and evolving, a scene that never becomes outdated. However, Alfred Sisley, as well as this painting, has not been studied extensively and is rarely analyzed, unlike other works of art of the late nineteenth century, such as Monet and Renoir. This gives the impression that this painting has not withstood the test of time. The bridge at Argenteuil has not only been painted by Alfred Sisley. Claude Monet, another impressionist painter, painted this bridge as well. However, there one major difference between the two paintings, although they share the same title. Sisleys The Bridge at Argenteuil depicts the bridge from afar, focusing more on the land and the water in the foreground. Monets The Bridge at Argenteuil focuses more on the water and a couple of sail boats, with the bridge off to the right side of the frame. Another important detail is that Monets painting of the bridge was created two years after Sisley painted the bridge. Therefore, Sisleys The Bridge at Argenteuil can be determined to be unique and original. Also because of the aforementioned reasons, it can be said that this painting could have influenced Monets painting of the bridge. Sisley also depicted a sail boat in his painting, like Monet did, although Sisleys sail boat was small and relatively insignificant, while Monets sail boats were the focus of the painting. This painting possesses not only international appeal because Sisley was a French painter, but universal appeal because people from around the world can relate to nature. This painting depicts elements in nature that can be found in any rural area. For example, it is a scene that focuses on a grassy knoll and a body of water. While looking at this painting, it seems as though it can be found in the United States, when actually, this scene was painted in France. This scene has universal appeal because people of all ages and cultures can relate to it. I chose Alfred Sisleys The Bridge at Argenteuil because it is an under-appreciated painting. It seemed calm and comforting, two feelings that most do not take the time to enjoy. The grass in the foreground and how it seemed to be swaying in the breeze sticks in my mind the most. The analysis of this work of art taught me how to appreciate the seemingly insignificant aspects of life. For most, including myself, life rushes by. Getting to work or school and finishing daily tasks keeps one so busy that no one ever has the time anymore to slow down and appreciate nature. Most take these aspects of life for granted. Analyzing this painting forced me to slow down and appreciate the beauty of nature.

The idea of facades across a range of texts Essay -- essays research p

The poem ‘The Ballad of Calvary Street’ by James Baxter, the film ‘American Beauty’ (directed by Sam Mendes and released in 1999), and the play ‘An Inspector Calls’ written by J.B. Priestley and performed at Circa Theatre in 2005, are all texts that share a similar theme. Although these three texts are different in terms of authorship and the medium through which the significant messages are communicated, what the texts do have in common is that they all convey ideas about how facades and superficial images of family life only lead to soullessness and domestic disorder. The unique approach that each text takes to this issue heightens the impact of the texts in every case, and allows the discussion of facades to become more pertinent in a time when domestic problems still mar our society. Baxter’s poem, ‘The Ballad of Calvary Street’, satirises the concept of facades and fake family life by ironically using religious imagery, and by utilising figurative language and clever diction to develop a rounded depiction of the sad characters at the heart of the poem. The poem discusses firstly the trellises that line Calvary Street (an image which conventionally would symbolise happy domestic life), and mentions the flowers that bloom â€Å"as bright as blood†. In addition to being an insidious suggestion that there is violence beneath the veneer of this seemingly respectable society, this phrase also alludes to the crucifixion of Christ. This is confirmed by the line that later describes the house as â€Å"an empty tomb†. This evocative metaphor hints that the house is a place of depression and emotional soullessness, and again links this home to the story of Christ; however, Baxter is comparing this house to Christ’s story only ironic ally. Through the use of religious language, Baxter is able to sardonically indicate that the values of forgiveness and compassion so often connected to The Bible and religion are nowhere to be found in this unhappy home. To emphasise that religion plays no role in this distorted version of family life, Baxter intersperses the religious language with mundane descriptions (for instance, he writes, â€Å"the afternoon goes, goes by, while angels harp above a cloud †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) to show that spirituality – and indeed, all ideas of ethics and morality – are forsaken in this barren location. Baxter tells in the poem of how â€Å"two old souls go slowly mad†, and const... ...ley play ‘An Inspector Calls’ all scrutinise the nature of domestic life, and the facades that are developed to hide the true problems of our society. ‘The Ballad of Calvary Street’ looks at the manner in which individuality and excitement are suppressed by the maintenance of such a faà §ade, and emphasises that domestic relationships are devoid of any spirituality or ethical framework. ‘American Beauty’ focuses on the advantages of breaking free from the constraints of the faà §ade, and emphasises the freedom and openness that can be achieved once the duties of the faà §ade are forgone. ‘An Inspector Calls’ analyses the way a faà §ade can crumble when there is pressure and confusion to reveal people who are not as respectable as they seem. The issue of facades is very relevant to our society, at a time when, in New Zealand at least, domestic abuse and divorce are still pernicious problems. The issue is often explored across a range of texts and could even be argued to be a clichà © in current times. However, the uncompromising and honest manner in which these texts address the issue makes the concept of facades so intriguing and fresh, and causes these texts to gain added power and impact.

Process Centered Organizations Essay

Process Centered Organizations are planned to create maximum value, innovation and development. A Process Centered Organization can sustain its processes at a high level. A process centered organizational design sorts out the best blend of structure and process. By carrying out a process-centered cycle, healthcare organizations can achieve their goals by changing the way workflow is defined and the way the people working in these organizations perceive their roles. In all healthcare organizations, the focal point is the patient. From a patient’s perspective, how much he or she is valued is important. Healthcare organizations around the globe are making efforts to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways. But modern times require these organizations to engage in the use of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to improve and direct processes towards creating value for the patient. One such example of a healthcare organization is Eastern Maine Medical Center (EMMC), Bangor, Maine. The organization in fact received the 2008 HIMSS Davies Award. This prestigious award is given to selected hospitals in the United States for effectively using information technology to improve the safety and quality of patient care. EMMC represents an immaculate example of how to apply and make use of electronic health records (EHR) along with other technologies in order to ensure delivery of quality and evidence based healthcare. The EHR system was installed as part of EMMC’s Patient First Initiatives Program. This was an effort to provide high quality patient care by changing care delivery, adopting a patient-focused culture and implementing a technology plan to support the care delivery process. EMMC’s use of data derived from its healthcare IT systems is a shining example of how to drive performance improvement, quality and improve care in response to state and national reporting requirements. †(HIMMS news, 2008) Eric Hartz, MD, EMMC chief medical information officer, says this award is a crowning achievement for EMMC’s employees. He emphasized that in the end, it is the patients of the region who will benefit from EMMC. The organizations staff worked hard for nearly a decade to implement the most advanced computer systems on the market to allow instantaneous sharing of health information among all healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care. â€Å"When the software that was currently available wasn’t doing the job we wanted, we challenged our vendors to work with us to build something better. It has been a tremendous collaboration†, said MR. Hartz. The services offered by these new systems are incredible. For example they improved ratio from electronic to hand written orders from 5:1 to 14:1. It eliminated 160 minutes from order writing to pharmacy receipt of orders, plus the average time for pharmacist review decreased 52 percent, from 50. 8 minutes to 24. 3 minutes. It also decreased overall medication incidents by 27 percent etc. (Cerner, 2008) The new systems in EMMC offer decision-support to help guarantee that patients receive the safest and best care achievable. EMMC’s providers and staff spent numerous hours working on the clinical systems to continuously make them better. They involved themselves and participated with the organizations experts in the information systems department and this allowed them to streamline all their processes and improve employee productivity. After several years of preparation, improvement, and execution, the nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professionals adopted advancements in information technology. They are now helping to bring the latest advancements and technology in patient care to the people who arrive at the doorstep of their hospital from any side of Maine. In process centering, processes are not newly created by organizations; in fact existing processes are modernized to meet the organization’s goals. What process centering does is to modify the perception and bring the process into focus. And this is exactly what EMMC did in order to provide higher levels of satisfactions to their patients and customers.

Computer Systems Essay

1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to survey the current state of scanner technology and to briefly discuss predicted advancements in the field. By examining a range of recently published journal articles, magazine articles and internet sites on the topic of scanners this report describes the main types of scanners in common use today and examines their performance in relation to four criteria: resolution, bit-depth, dynamic range and software. The report then considers the effect of further technological advances in these four areas, as well as the deployment of new sensor technology on the future development of scanners. The first scanner, initially referred to as a ‘reading machine’, was developed in 1960 by Jacob Rabinow, a Russian born engineer. The device could scan printed material and then compare each character to a set of standards in a matrix using, for the first time, the â€Å"best match principle† to determine the original message (Blatner, Fleishman and Roth 1998, p.3). This reading machine was to form the basis for the development of current scanning, sorting and processing machines. An early improvement on the reading machine was the drum scanner. These scanners used a type of scanning technology called photomultiplier tubes (PMT). Drum scanners are still used in industry today because of the high quality images they produce. The development of smaller, more economical scanners such as desktop scanners and scanners for domestic use followed the drum scanner as the number of computer users increased and computer technology advanced. Scanners can now capture images from a wide variety of two and three  dimensional sources. These images are converted to digitised computer files that can be stored on a hard-drive or floppy disk. With the aid of specific software, these images can then be manipulated and enhanced by the user. It is now possible to deploy electronic acquisition to create an entire layout (including all graphic elements) from the same computer. This means manual stripping is no longer required (Scanners, digital cameras and photo CDs 2000). Scanners are considered an invaluable tool for adding graphics and text to documents and have been readily adopted by both business and domestic users. 2. How scanners work A scanner is a device that uses a light source to electronically convert an image into binary data (0s and 1s). This binary data can then be used to store the scanned image on a computer. A scanner recreates an image by using small electronic components referred to as the scanner’s ‘eyes’ (Scanner tips 2000). The type of ‘eyes’ used in today’s scanners are charge-coupled devices (CCD) and photomultiplier tubes (PMT). These electronic eyes measure the amount of light reflected from individual points on the page and translate it to digital signals that correspond to the brightness of each point (Englander 2000). To create a file on the computer that represents a colour image, the scanner divides the image into a grid with many individual points called pixels or picture elements (Scanner tips 2000). A scanning head, termed a row of ‘eyes’, reads over the grid and assigns a number to each pixel based on the main colour in that pixel, u sing green, blue and red. For example an aqua pixel would be saved as a number to represent the proportion of blue, green and red which represents the colour aqua (Scanners, digital cameras and photo CDs 2000). 3. Types of scanners There are five main types of scanners in common use today: drum scanners, flatbed scanners, sheet-fed scanners, slide scanners, and hand held scanners. 3.1 Drum scanners Drum scanners were widely used in the past, however they are much less commonly used today due to advances in scanner technology. As a result of their expense, these machines are primarily used by professionals in industry, where they are considered important due to the high-end quality image they produce and because they use PMT technology which is more  sophisticated than charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and contact image sensor’s (CISs). Drum scanners are difficult to operate and technicians operate these scanners by placing the item to be scanned on a glass cylinder rotating at high speeds around the sensor (Sullivan 1996). 3.2 Flatbed scanners The most popular scanners for general use are flatbed scanners. This type of scanner is highly versatile because it is able to scan flat objects as well as small three dimensional objects. Flat-bed scanners operate by placing the item to be scanned on a glass window while scanning heads move underneath it. A transparency adapter is used to scan transparent originals such as slides or x-rays, and an automatic document feeder is available for scanning large numbers of documents (Scanner tips 2000). 3.3 Sheet-fed scanners Sheet-fed scanners have grown in popularity in recent years, particularly for small office or domestic use as they are reasonably priced, can scan full-sized documents and are compact, requiring limited desk space (Scanner tips 2000). Most models of sheet-fed scanners have an inbuilt document feeder to overcome the problem of manually feeding one sheet of paper at a time. However the actual process or scanning with a sheet-fed scanner may result in distortion as the image to be scanned moves over the scanning heads (Scanner tips 2000). A further limitation of sheet-fed scanners is that they are unable to scan three dimensional objects. 3.4 Slide scanners This type of scanner is used to scan items such as slides that need careful handling during scanning. Unlike other scanners, the scanning heads in slide scanners do not reflect light from the image, but rather pass light through it. This enables these scanners to produce superior results without distortions caused by reflective light. To be able to scan small and detailed items, these scanners have a large number of eyes on the scanning head which produces a high quality result. Slide scanners tend to be more expensive and less versatile than flatbed and sheet-fed scanners as they are limited to only scanning slides and film. These scanners, however, are well suited to users requiring high quality scans of large numbers of slides (Scanner tips 2000). 3.5 Hand held scanners Hand held scanners are compact, portable scanners which are simply dragged across a page manually to capture an image. These scanners are easy to use and economical to purchase; however, their use is limited to text of up to four inches in diameter that does not require a high resolution. For this reason, hand held scanners are unsuitable for colour images. A further disadvantage of hand held scanners is that the user must have a steady hand when scanning or the resulting image will be distorted (Scanner tips 2000). 4. Scanner specifications The performance of a scanner can be examined in relation to four main criteria: resolution, bit-depth, dynamic range and software. 4.1 Resolution Resolution is a measure of how many pixels a scanner can sample in a given image. It is used to describe the amount of detail in an image (Figeiredo, McIllree and Thomas 1996). Higher resolution scanners are generally more expensive and produce superior results as they have a greater capacity to capture detail. Scanners have two types of resolutions: optical resolution and interpolated resolution. Optical resolution, or hardware resolution, is a measure of how many pixels a scanner can actually read. A current model desktop scanner typically has a resolution of 300 x 300 dots per inch (dpi) (Anderson 1999). This means that this scanner has a scanning head with 300 sensors per inch, so it can sample 300 dpi in one direction and 300 dpi in the other direction by stopping the scanning head 300 times per inch in both directions. Some scanners stop the scanning head more frequently as it moves down the page, giving an optical resolution of 300 x 600 dpi; however, scanning more frequently in one direction does not improve the result of the scan. The basic requirement for scanning detailed images and line art from photos or other printed originals is an optical resolution of 600 dpi. When scanning slides and negatives the minimum optical resolution is 1200 dpi. Interpolated resolution measures the number of pixels a scanner is able to predict. A scanner can turn a 300 x 300 dpi scan into a 600 x 600 dpi scan by looking in-between scanned pixels and guessing what that spot would have  looked like if it had been scanned. This prediction is then used to insert new pixels in between the actual ones scanned. This technique is less precise than optical resolution; however it assists in improving the enlargement of scanned images. 4.2 Bit depth Bit depth refers to the amount of information that a scanner records for each pixel when converting an image to digital form. Scanners differ in the amount of data they record for each pixel within an image. The simplest kinds of scanners only record data related to black and white details and have a bit depth of 1 (Anderson 1999). The minimum bit depth required for scanning photographs and documents is 24-bits, while slides, negatives or transparencies need a scanner with at least 30-bits. Thus for a scanner to produce a high quality scan with colour, a higher bit depth is required. In general, current scanners have a bit depth of 24, which means that 8 bits of information can be collected for the three primary colours used in scanning; blue, red and green (Anderson 1999). This high resolution allows scanners to produce images close to photographic quality. 4.3 Dynamic range Dynamic range refers to the measurement of the range of tones a scanner can record on a scale of 0.0 to 4.0, with 0.0 being perfect white and 4.0 being perfect black. Colour flat-bed scanners usually have a dynamic range of 2.4. A range of this measurement is unable to provide high quality colour scans. A dynamic range of 2.8 and 3.2 is suited to professional purposes and can be found in high-end scanners. An even higher dynamic range of 3.0 to 3.8 can be provided by drum scanners. 4.4 Software A scanner, like any type of hardware, requires software. Typically the two most common pieces of software provided with scanners include optical character recognition (OCR) and image editing software. Optical character recognition software translates the information recorded in a scan, tiny dots, into a text file which can be edited. Image editing software allows the tones and colours of an image to be manipulated for better printing and display. Image editing also gives filters to apply special effects to scanned images 5. Future developments The quality of scanned images is constantly improving as characteristics such as resolution, bit-depth and dynamic range are enhanced and further developed. More sophisticated image editing and optical character recognition software development is also resulting in superior quality scans. Future advances are expected to result in the incorporation of specialized scanners into other types of technology such as the recently developed digital camera. This device allows the user to take pictures of three-dimensional objects much like a regular camera, except that instead of using film, the objects are scanned by the camera in a similar process to the functioning of a flatbed scanner. The relatively new area of sensor technology in the form of a contact image sensor (CIS) (see Appendix 1) is expected to improve the functionality of scanners and the quality of images as it â€Å"replaces the cumbersome optical reduction technique with a single row of sensors† (Grotta and Wiener 1998, p. 1). Developers have already been able to produce a CIS scanner which is thinner, lighter, more energy efficient and cheaper to manufacture than a traditional CCD base device. However, the quality of the scan is not as good as its counterparts. Further development of CIS technology is needed to improve image quality and colour, and to address the problem of a limited 300 or 600 dpi. 6. Conclusion This report has identified five types of scanners currently available. Some are primarily used for professional purposes such as the drum scanner; others are used more broadly in the workplace and home such as flatbed scanners and to a lesser extent sheetfed scanners. Scanners for specialized purposes have also been identified such as slide and handheld scanners. The performance of these scanners is dependent upon their resolution, bit-depth, dynamic range and software. Scanners have improved significantly in recent years in terms of weight, size, price and speed, and the replacement of CCD technology with CIS technology is anticipated to produce further benefits to these areas as well as to scan quality. The impact of these improvements is expected to increase the accessibility of scanner technology to a wider range of users and its suitability for a wider range of purposes. In  relation to this, the future of scanner technology seems to point to the convergence of different techn ologies. Specialized scanners are currently being incorporated into other types of technologies such as digital cameras, printers, and photocopiers. This can be expected to continue with other forms of technology in conjunction with further improvements to image quality, speed, price, size and weight. 7. Reference list Anderson, D. The PC Guide. [http:www.pctechguide.com/18scanners.htm]. Blatner, D., Fleishman, G. Roth, G. (1998) Real world scanning and halftones 2nd edition, Peachpit Press, USA. Englander, I (2000). The Architecture of computer hardware and systems software. John Wiley, USA, p272. Figeiredo, J. McIllree, J. Thomas, N. (1996) Introducing information technology 2nd edition Jacaranda Press, Singapore, p145. Grotta, D. and Weiner, S. What’s now †¦What’s next. [http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/scanners98/intro.html] PC Magazines 20 October 1998. 8/4/00 Prepress, scanners, digital cameras and photoCDs. [http://www.prepress.pps.com/mem/lib/ptr/scanners.html] 1998. 6/4/00 Scansoft scanner tips [http://www.scannercentral.com/scanners/tips/tips1.asp] 2000.6/4/00 Sullivan. M. Types of scanners. [http://hsdesign.com/scanning/types/types.html] 1996. 8/4/00

Free Essays on Tivo Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance and Control Measures Tivo has nine members on its board of directors. Michael Ramsey serves as Tivo’s CEO and chairman of the board. This dual title/function could create a conflict of interest within the board of directors, especially with the two other insiders on the board David Courtney (Executive VP) and Mark Perry (CFO). With these two insiders on the board, it makes it very difficult for them to take a position that is in opposition to their boss’s. Another weakness that could be perceived of this board is with the partner groups, which are represented by three board members. These partners that are represented are Coca-Cola (Chief Marketing Officer), Virtual Inc. (CEO), and NBC Cable (President). These partner representatives could get caught up in making decisions that are best for their respected companies rather than the good of Tivo. While Tivo’s corporate governance composition could be questioned, they have some qualities that would be desired by other companies. All of the board members own at least $200,000 worth of Tivo stock. In theory this stock ownership would mean that the directors would want to do anything necessary to increase this value. Another aspect of Tivo’s governance is that there are no board members associated with its auditor, KPMG. This separation should ensure that there is no â€Å"creative bookkeeping†. Tivo’s board has also implemented several policies as a preventative/remedial measure. These policies include: board compensation committee, nominating and governance committee, board audit committee, and code of ethics and conduct (Tivo Governance). The board compensation committee deals with all the forms of compensation to the board members. These compensations include bonuses, stock options, and fees. The nominating and governance committee is used to identify and recruit quality and honest board members. This committee is also in charge of deve... Free Essays on Tivo Corporate Governance Free Essays on Tivo Corporate Governance Corporate Governance and Control Measures Tivo has nine members on its board of directors. Michael Ramsey serves as Tivo’s CEO and chairman of the board. This dual title/function could create a conflict of interest within the board of directors, especially with the two other insiders on the board David Courtney (Executive VP) and Mark Perry (CFO). With these two insiders on the board, it makes it very difficult for them to take a position that is in opposition to their boss’s. Another weakness that could be perceived of this board is with the partner groups, which are represented by three board members. These partners that are represented are Coca-Cola (Chief Marketing Officer), Virtual Inc. (CEO), and NBC Cable (President). These partner representatives could get caught up in making decisions that are best for their respected companies rather than the good of Tivo. While Tivo’s corporate governance composition could be questioned, they have some qualities that would be desired by other companies. All of the board members own at least $200,000 worth of Tivo stock. In theory this stock ownership would mean that the directors would want to do anything necessary to increase this value. Another aspect of Tivo’s governance is that there are no board members associated with its auditor, KPMG. This separation should ensure that there is no â€Å"creative bookkeeping†. Tivo’s board has also implemented several policies as a preventative/remedial measure. These policies include: board compensation committee, nominating and governance committee, board audit committee, and code of ethics and conduct (Tivo Governance). The board compensation committee deals with all the forms of compensation to the board members. These compensations include bonuses, stock options, and fees. The nominating and governance committee is used to identify and recruit quality and honest board members. This committee is also in charge of deve...

Learn the Conjugates of Peser (to Weigh) in French

Learn the Conjugates of Peser (to Weigh) in French Meaning to weigh, the French verb  peser  is used for measurements, but it can also be used to say to ponder, as in to weigh the consequences. Its an interesting verb and the conjugations require a stem change, which does make it a little trickier than others. Dont worry, though, a quick lesson in  pesers most useful forms will explain everything. The Basic Conjugations of  Peser Peser is a stem-changing verb. Not only do you have to concern yourself with adding the correct ending, theres also a difference in spelling to watch for. This change comes primarily in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood, though it will appear elsewhere as well. As you can see in the chart, there are times in which the  e  of the verb stem is accented  Ãƒ ¨. This happens often in verbs that end in  -e_er. Other than that,  peser  is conjugated much like any regular -er  verb.  Youll apply the same endings as you would for words like  tomber  (to fall) and that does make this a little easier for experienced French students. Beginning with the verb stem (or radical), which is  pes-, match the subject pronoun and the tense in the chart. This will help you learn that  je pà ¨se  means I am weighing and that  nous pesions  means we weighed. Present Future Imperfect je pse pserai pesais tu pses pseras pesais il pse psera pesait nous pesons pserons pesions vous pesez pserez pesiez ils psent pseront pesaient The Present Participle of  Peser The present participle of peser does not require the stem change. Instead, youll simply add -ant to the verb stem to create the word pesant. Peser  in the Compound Past Tense Passà © composà ©Ã‚  is the French compound past tense and it is used frequently. To form it, youll need to conjugate the auxiliary verb  avoir  to the present tense and follow it with the  past participle  pesà ©.  The results are phrases such as  jai pesà ©Ã‚  for I weighed and  nous avons pesà ©Ã‚  for we weighed. More Simple Conjugations of  Peser Peser  can also be useful in a few other simple conjugations. For instance, if youre uncertain if something is being weighed, you can use  the subjunctive. On the other hand, if the weighing is dependent on certain conditions,  the conditional  is used.   The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses and youll encounter these most often in formal French writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je pse pserais pesai pesasse tu pses pserais pesas pesasses il pse pserait pesa pest nous pesions pserions pesmes pesassions vous pesiez pseriez pestes pesassiez ils psent pseraient pesrent pesassent The  only time when its okay to drop the subject pronoun is when youre using  peser  in  the imperative.  This is for short statements that get to the point, so use  pà ¨se  rather than tu pà ¨se. Imperative (tu) pse (nous) pesons (vous) pesez

CJM 321 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

CJM 321 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES - Essay Example because computers, mobile technologies, and the Internet are now being used to conduct cybercrimes, not to mention, deviant behaviors, such as cyberbullying, which can also lead to criminal activities. Clearly, the sources of criminality have spread and diversified to touch various aspects of human society which is why law enforcement is trying to find ways to respond to them using limited people, budget, and resources. Ensuring and preserving public safety is one of the top priorities of local governments and law enforcement agencies. People’s safety and the security of their properties are perceived as basic human rights and important to the community’s total quality of life (Plant & Scott, 2009, p.8). The main concern of the paper is to understand how law enforcement can provide the essentials for today’s communities. These essentials include crime-fighting though the police also performs other functions, such as aiding the movement of people and vehicles, helping those who cannot take care of themselves, such as the mentally ill, children, and the homeless, and resolving conflicts between individuals or groups. The paper explores the issues that have to be addressed to ensure â€Å"safety† for all, including discussing their obstacles and existing and potential solutions. The main issues to be addressed to ensure safety are crime prevention strategies that include pr evention of substance abuse that leads to crimes and accidents, gang crimes and organized ctimes, hate crimes, and terrorism. The selling, distribution, and use of drugs, including related drug crimes continue to create social problems for society. It does not help that, due to the globalization of technology and transportation, illegal drug business has expanded and become more resourceful in evading the detection of law enforcement. In 2007, law enforcement agencies across the U.S. made 1.8 million drug-related arrests (McElreath et al., 2013, p.11). In 2008, almost 100,000 inmates in